Dietary Inflammatory Index of Obese Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Descriptive Study.

The objective of the present study was to describe the dietary inflammatory profile and its correlations with sleep parameters of obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty individuals underwent nocturnal polysomnography, anthropometric measurements, body composition by plethysmography, assessment of food consumption by three-day food records, and blood collection for the lipid, glycemic and hormonal profile. Food consumption data were evaluated semiquantitatively, quantitalively assessment, and calculation of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was perfomed. The results demonstrated a predominantly proinflammatory dietary profile. The participants showed a low intake of fruit and vegetables. Additionally, a low consumption of fiber, magnesium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was observed, although there was an adequate distribution of macronutrients. In conclusion, although the inflammatory profile did not correlate with OSA, the study showed a directly proportional relationship between adequate dietary patterns and better sleep quality.

Sarcopenia risk, sarcopenia-related quality of life, and associated factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): A web-based survey.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to screen for the risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related quality of life and associated factors of people living with HIV (PLWH). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This nonprobabilistic web-based survey evaluated PLWH. The participants were invited directly from a university-based inpatient clinic and responded to a web questionnaire that included the SARC-F and SarQoL to screen people at risk of sarcopenia and their quality of life. People at risk of sarcopenia were defined by the proposed cutoff points for SARC-F (≥ 4 points), and SarQoL overall score was categorized according to the median. Moreover, we performed a logistic regression to investigate associations between HIV-, lifestyle-, and health-associated factors (i.e., physical activity, dietary pattern, sleep quality, gastrointestinal symptoms, HIV diagnosis, type, combinations, and duration of ART, smoking, drinking, BMI, and weight loss), and outcomes (SARC-F and SarQoL). RESULTS: The sample comprised 202 PLWH, mainly middle-aged (50.6-60.5 y; n = 101). Only 5.9% (n = 12) are at risk of sarcopenia according to SARC-F, and only 17.3% (n = 35) exhibited lower sarcopenia-related quality of life according to SarQoL. In the multiple models, only the gastrointestinal symptoms increased the odds of sarcopenia risk (OR: 1.058; P = 0.01) and poor sarcopenia-associated quality of life (OR: 1.041; P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: We verified that only 5.9% and 17.3% of PLWH are at risk of sarcopenia and presented lower sarcopenia-related quality of life, respectively. Only the gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with a risk of sarcopenia and lower sarcopenia-related quality of life, without significant differences between age groups.

Evaluation of the dietary inflammatory index in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with nutritional status and metabolic control.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the nutritional status and metabolic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that examined data of children and adolescents ages 7 to 16 y diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall, from which the DII was calculated. The outcomes were body mass index, lipid profiles (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and glycated hemoglobin. The DII was evaluated in tertiles and in a continuous way. Multiple linear regression was adopted in the analysis, with P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Overall, 120 children and adolescents with a mean age of 11.7 (± 2.8) y were included, 53.3% (n = 64) of whom were girls. Excess weight was present in 31.7% participants (n = 38). The average DII was +0.25, ranging from -1.11 to +2.67. Higher values of selenium (P = 0.011), zinc (P = 0.001), fiber (P < 0.001), and other micronutrients were observed in the first tertile of the DII (diet with more antiinflammatory potential). The DII appeared as a predictor of body mass index (P = 0.002; ß = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-1.75) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.034; ß = 0.19; 95% CI, -13.5 to 0.55). There was a tendency for DII to be associated with glycemic control (P = 0.09; ß = 0.19; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.51). CONCLUSIONS: The inflammatory potential of the diet was associated with increased body mass index and aspects related to metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and its association with cognition, frailty, and risk of disabilities in older adults: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Systemic inflammation is considered an important issue in older adults and is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as frailty and cognitive impairment. Diet is a critical associated factor, and the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is proposed as a promising tool to identify the association between diet and health outcomes. Our aims were: (i) to investigate the association between the DII® and frailty, cognition, and the consequent risk of disability in older adults; (ii) to discuss particularities of the use of DII® with older adults. METHODS: The research question was based on the PICOS strategy: Population = older adults; Intervention or Exposure = DII; Comparison = any comparator; Outcomes = frailty, cognition, and risk of disability; Type of study = cohort, cross-sectional or case-control studies. We searched publications in two electronic databases (PUBMED and Web of Science) up to May 20th, 2020. RESULTS: Seven studies met our criteria. Three investigated cognition (one cohort and two cross-sectional), and four investigated frailty or risk of disability (one cohort and three cross-sectional); none of the studies investigated both outcomes (frailty and cognition) simultaneously. The studies presented some issues, mainly concerning: (i) the collection of dietary data and calculation of the DII; (ii) the study design; (iii) calculation of the sample size; (iv) eligibility criteria; (v) time for follow-up; (vi) and choice of covariates. CONCLUSION: despite the issues, the use of DII resulted in a significant association, or predictive value, with variables related to frailty and cognitive decline. Further studies, with sensitivity analysis of the different components of this index, are needed. DII showed to be a promising tool in the investigation of geriatric syndromes. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020155672).

PORTUGUESE VERSION OF THE SNAQ QUESTIONNAIRE: TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION.

BACKGROUND: Poor appetite is common through the aging process and increases the risk of weight loss, protein-energy malnutrition, immunossupression, sarcopenia and frailty. The Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) has the aim to monitor appetite and identify older adults at risk of weight loss. OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the SNAQ. METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation was developed in five steps: translation (by three of the authors of the manuscript and assembled by consensus), backtranslation (by an English native speaker), semantic evaluation (by one verontologist and one nutritionist), comprehension of content (by nutrition specialists and by a group of older persons), pre-test and the SNAQ final version development. RESULTS: The SNAQ Portuguese version maintained the original version meaning and referral. To achieve this feature, the process required some modifications to improve the understanding of older persons, such as inclusion of other options to the answers of some questions, rewritten of one question and inclusion of a meal definition. CONCLUSION: SNAQ questionnaire has been successfully translated and adapted to Portuguese. As our next step, we are validating this tool in different clinical settings in Brazil.

Versão em português do questionário SNAQ: tradução e adaptação cultural / Portuguese version of the snaq questionnaire: translation and cultural adaptation

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Poor appetite is common through the aging process and increases the risk of weight loss, protein-energy malnutrition, immunossupression, sarcopenia and frailty. The Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) has the aim to monitor appetite and identify older adults at risk of weight loss. OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the SNAQ. METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation was developed in five steps: translation (by three of the authors of the manuscript and assembled by consensus), backtranslation (by an English native speaker), semantic evaluation (by one verontologist and one nutritionist), comprehension of content (by nutrition specialists and by a group of older persons), pre-test and the SNAQ final version development. RESULTS: The SNAQ Portuguese version maintained the original version meaning and referral. To achieve this feature, the process required some modifications to improve the understanding of older persons, such as inclusion of other options to the answers of some questions, rewritten of one question and inclusion of a meal definition. CONCLUSION: SNAQ questionnaire has been successfully translated and adapted to Portuguese. As our next step, we are validating this tool in different clinical settings in Brazil.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A perda de apetite é comum durante o envelhecimento e aumenta o risco de perda de peso, desnutrição energético-proteica, imunossupressão, sarcopenia e fragilidade. O Simplified Nutritional Appetie Questionnaire (SNAQ) tem como objetivo monitorar o apetite e identificar idosos sob risco de perda de peso. OBJETIVO: Descrever o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural para o português do Brasil o questionário SNAQ. MÉTODOS: A tradução e adaptação cultural foram realizadas em etapas: tradução (por três autores do manuscrito e grupo para consenso), retrotradução para versão original (por inglês nativo), avaliação semântica (gerontólogo e nutricionista), compreensão de conteúdo (por nutricionistas especialistas e por um grupo de idosos), pré teste e desenvolvimento da versão final. RESULTADOS: A versão em português do SNAQ manteve o significado da versão original. Para alcançar este resultado foram necessárias algumas modificações durante o processo para aperfeiçoar a compreensão dos idosos, como a inclusão de outras opções para respostas de algumas questões, revisão de escrita de uma das questões e inclusão de uma definição para o que é refeição. CONCLUSÃO: A tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário SNAQ foram bem sucedidas. A próxima etapa será a validação desta ferramenta em diferentes contextos clínicos no Brasil.